public broadcasting in the united states quizlet

PBS and public independent stations also produce programs of local interest, including local newscasts and/or newsmagazines, public affairs shows, documentaries, and in some areas, gavel-to-gavel coverage of state legislative proceedings. The goal of this policy is to help children distinguish between commercials and program content. Comments/Complaints to the FCC. Consumer & Governmental Affairs Bureau If your location is close to a radio station's transmitting antenna, then you may experience impaired reception of other stations. To do this, each non-exempt station licensee must identify the needs and problems and then specifically treat these local matters in the news, public affairs, political and other programming that it airs. In 1932, the year FDR was first elected president, the two primary broadcasting companies, NBC and CBS, were well established. Commercial Limits How to Resolve Blanketing Interference ProblemsOther Interference IssuesThe Local Public Inspection File However, if you believe that an advertisement is offensive because of the nature of the item advertised, the scheduling of the announcement, or the way the message is presented, you should consider addressing your complaint directly to the station or network involved, providing the date and time of the broadcast and the product or advertiser in question. NPRs broadcasting reach remained mostly stable between 2019 and 2020 in terms of both the number of member stations (stations either owned or operated by member organizations) and the number of stations airing any NPR programming (which includes member stations). For additional information about digital radio, see https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/digital-radio. Individuals and groups can often resolve problems with stations at the local level. The Public and Broadcasting Manual Children's Television Programming Reports Citizen Agreements Political File Material Relating to an FCC Investigation or Complaint Issues/Programs Lists Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs") Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits Local Public Notice Announcements Comments/Complaints to FCCBroadcast Information Specialists. Profane material also is protected by the First Amendment so its broadcast cannot be outlawed entirely. Criticism, Ridicule, and Humor Concerning Individuals, Groups, and Institutions The public can access a stations public inspection file at https://publicfiles.fcc.gov. In the United States, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) serves as the nation's main public television provider. In recognition of the vital role that broadcasting plays in the electoral process, the Communications Act and the Commissions rules impose specific obligations on broadcasters regarding political advertising. Libertarianism is a political ideology that emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government. Class A television, low power television and television translator stations are neither designated commercial or NCE. Host Selling. [5][6][7], Early public stations were operated by state colleges and universities, and were often run as part of the schools' cooperative extension services. A full range of enforcement actions is available for EEO violations, including imposing reporting conditions, forfeitures, short -term license renewal, and license revocation. Efficient markets limit competition. We can: You can find information about how to file comments in our rulemaking proceedings by selecting https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/how-comment. The statute and FCC rules list a number of exceptions to this prohibition, principally advertisements for: In 1999, the Supreme Court held that the prohibition on broadcasting advertisements for lawful casino gambling could not constitutionally be applied to truthful advertisements broadcast by radio or television stations licensed in states where gambling is legal. Each commercial full power and Class A station must keep a copy of its decision in the public file for the three-year period to which it pertains. Adopt a modified version of some or all of the proposed rules; Ask for public comment on additional issues relating to the proposals; or. Many member stations have also aired distance education and other instructional television programs for use in public and private schools and adult education courses (since the 2000s, many public television stations have relegated these programs to digital subchannels that the station may maintain or exclusively via the Internet). Of particular concern would be evidence of the direction to employees from station management to falsify the news. Revised September 2021 A PDF version of this document is available HERE. It or its owners have, or have had, any interest in a broadcast application in an FCC proceeding in which character issues were resolved adversely to the applicant or were left unresolved, or were raised in connection with a pending application; Its ownership is consistent with the Communications Acts restrictions on licensees; Interests are held by foreign governments, foreign corporations, and non-U.S. citizens; There has been an adverse finding or adverse final action against it or its owners by a court or administrative body in a civil or criminal proceeding involving a felony, mass media-related antitrust or unfair competition law, the making of fraudulent statements to a governmental unit, or discrimination; There were any adjudicated violations of the Communications Act or the Commissions rules during the current license term; The licensee or its owners have been denied federal benefit due to drug law violations; Its station operation complies with the Commissions radiofrequency (RF) radio exposure standards; It has placed and maintained certain specified materials in its public inspection file in a timely manner; It has discontinued station operations for more than 12 consecutive months during the preceding license term and is currently broadcasting programming; It has adhered to its minimum operating schedule; Its advertising sales agreements discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity and whether all such agreements held by the licensee contain nondiscrimination clauses; It has filed Form 396, Broadcast Equal Employment Opportunity Program Report; and. Our role in overseeing program content is very limited. (Most AM radio stations are licensed as commercial facilities.) The FCC reviews EEO compliance at the time it considers the station renewal application, when it reviews public file reports at the mid-point of license terms, when it receives EEO complaints, and during random station audits. C. Mispriced securities are common in efficient markets. Which of the following sets of terms best describes America's fundamental political values? TV stations make these announcements on-screen or by voice only. Digital Radio. For additional information concerning this requirement, see https://www.fcc.gov/television-and-set-top-box-controls-menus-program-guides. Lotteries conducted as a promotional activity by commercial organizations that are clearly occasional and ancillary to the primary business of that organization, as long as the lotteries are authorized or not otherwise prohibited by the state in which they are conducted. A license would be issued only if Stations are not required to resolve interference complaints involving the following: For complaints from parties located within the stations blanketing contour involving non-mobile television or radio receivers, a station must resolve the interference complaint at no cost to the complaining party if the party notifies the station of the problem during the first year that the station operates its new or modified facilities. We prefer that you submit complaints in writing, although you may submit complaints that are time-sensitive by telephone, especially if they involve safety concerns. Complaints about interference involving radio stations are handled by the Media Bureaus Audio Division. Broadcasting obscene content is prohibited by law at all times of the day. In addition to (or instead of) filing a complaint, you can file a petition to deny or an informal objection to an application that a station licensee has filed, such as a license renewal application. Introduction PRX was down 10%, falling to about $37.6 million in total revenue for 2020. The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and properties illustrates their commitment to ________ is the most important core value of liberalism _________ is the core political value MOST highly prioritized by American conservatives Liberalism and conservatism are examples of. In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we refer to as today an expansion in governmental social services. The Public and Broadcasting Manual Regardless of whether it is effective, the broadcast of subliminal material is inconsistent with a station's obligation to serve the public interest because it is designed to be deceptive. Inlight of the widespread concern about obscene, indecent, profane, violent, or otherwise objectionable programming, in 1996 Congress passed a law to require TV sets with screens 13 inches or larger to be equipped with a V-Chip a device that allows parents to program their sets to block TV programming that carries a certain rating. Local stations derive some of the funding for their operations through regular pledge drives seeking individual and corporate donations, and corporate underwriting. Unlike National Public Radio, however, PBS largely does not produce any of the programs it broadcasts nor has an in-house news division; all PBS programs are produced by individual member stations and outside production firms for distribution to its member stations through the network feed. Pacifica runs other stations in Los Angeles, New York City, Washington, D.C. and Houston, as well as repeater stations and a large network of affiliates. Opposition to legalized abortion is a position most likely supported by ________, while support for legalized abortion is a position most likely supported by ________. Digital subscription models in which people pay to access news content has proven to be a profitable approach for many elite, national newspapers but not for smaller or mid-sized local newspapers. Digital Television By public service broadcasting, I mean a system that is nonprofit and noncommercial, supported by public funds, ultimately accountable in some legally defined way to the citizenry, aimed at providing a service to the entire population, and one which does not apply commercial principles as the primary means to determine its programming. Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries; the . 45 L Street NE Some stations also derive a portion of their funding from federal, state and local governments and government-funded colleges and universities, in addition to receiving free use of the public radio spectrum. The media are sometimes referred to as the "fourth branch of government" because, they provide a check on the power of government and political leaders. All television sets with screens 13 inches or larger manufactured since mid-1993, including digital sets, have built-in decoder circuitry. the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction. Local Public Notice Announcements C. reports extensively on government officials and political issues. PBS stations typically broadcast children's programming supplied by the service and through independent distributors like American Public Television during the morning and afternoon hours, and on many though not all stations, on weekend mornings; most public independent stations also carry children's programming, though, they may not as broadly encompass those stations' daytime schedules as is common with PBS member outlets. (For example, if the license expires on December 1, we must receive any petition at our Washington, D.C. headquarters by the end of the day on November 1.) Stations that filed Form 397 during their current license terms should keep the form in their public file until grant of their next license renewal application.). Violent Programming Congress has not enacted any law prohibiting broadcast advertising of any kind of alcoholic beverage, and the FCC does not have a rule or policy regulating these advertisements. An informed and actively engaged public plays a vital role in helping each station to operate appropriately in serving the needs of its local community. During the 2016 campaign, Hillary Clinton received ________ amount of media coverage as Donald Trump Much of the national news that is published in local newspapers is provided by ________. In 2020, contributions from individuals comprised 24% of total nonpublic funding. Stations in this era were internally funded, and did not rely on listener contributions to operate; some accepted advertising. However, these acknowledgements may not interrupt the station's regular programming. Certain digital devices must make built-in functions that are used to receive, play back, or display programs accessible to people who are blind or visually impaired. Public radio stations in the United States tend to broadcast a mixture of news and talk programs along with music and arts/cultural programming. there is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the United States. Commercial television broadcast licensees must limit the amount of commercial matter that may be aired during childrens programs to not more than 10.5 minutes per hour on weekends and not more than 12 minutes per hour on weekdays. Licensee Discretion Additional information on the IP closed captioning requirements can be found on the FCCs website, https://www.fcc.gov/general/closed-captioning-video-programming-delivered-using-internet-protocol-ip. Each commercial television licensee is required to prepare a Childrens Television Programming Report (FCC Form 2100-H) identifying its Core Programming. E. Profits are removed as a market incentive when markets become efficient. For similar complaints received after the first year of operation, although the station is not financially responsible for resolving the complaint, it must provide effective technical assistance to the complaining party. If the emergency information is provided in the video portion of a regularly scheduled newscast or a newscast that interrupts regular programming, it must be made accessible through an aural description of the emergency information. Email: tvinfo@fcc.gov. All the major broadcast networks and most of the major cable networks encode their programming with this ratings information to work with the V-Chip. While the intention of the act was to develop public television and radio, a revision of the bill had removed all mention of radio from the original text; Michigan Senator Robert Griffin suggested changing the name of what was to be called the Public Television Act, and last-minute changes were subsequently made to the bill (with references incorporating radio into the bill being re-added with Scotch Tape) before the law was passed by Congress and signed by Johnson.[14][15]. NET was shut down by the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting after the network refused to stop airing documentaries on varying social issues that had received critical acclaim for their hard-hitting focus, but alienated many of the network's affiliates. You may also want to consider reviewing our rules or contacting an attorney. The programming must further the educational and informational needs of children 16 years old and under (this includes their intellectual/cognitive or social/emotional needs). While program and production expenses comprise only a portion of overall station expenses, an increase in these kinds of expenditures indicates that the stations are directing more dollars toward the creation of news content. The V-Chip and TV Program Ratings Programming Inciting Imminent Lawless Action.The Supreme Court has ruled that the government can curtail speech if it is both: (1) intended to incite or produce imminent lawless action; and (2) likely to incite or produce such action. Even when this legal test is met, any review that might lead to a curtailment of speech is generally performed by the appropriate criminal law enforcement authorities, not by the FCC. Also included is a brief description of each item, but the description should not be relied upon in place of the underlying rules description of that item. Therefore, the FCC cannot prevent the broadcast of any particular point of view. To ensure that parents and other interested parties are informed of the educational and informational childrens programming their area stations offer, commercial television licensees must identify each program specifically designed to educate and inform children by displaying the icon E/I throughout the program. Use of high gain antennas or antenna booster amplifiers; Mobile receivers, including but not limited to car radios, portable stereos or cellular phones; Non-radio frequency (RF) devices, including but not limited to, tape recorders, CD players, MP3 players or land-line telephones; and.



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