are tarsiers dangerous to humans

The haplorrhiines, or dry nose primates, include monkeys, apes, humans, and tarsiers. The researchers are hoping to obtain DNA from other tarsier species and populations, which they plan to use to assess the health of the tarsier population, among other studies. Primate Factsheets. Implantation of the zygote is the same as that of lemuroids and . These bones are unusually long in . In other words, India and southeast Asia. living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture. 1987. (Shekelle and Nietch, 2008), Tarsiers draw crowds of eco-tourism, trophy hunters, and animal collectors. Smith and her team made sure to expose the tarsiers to low human interactions, their known prey (only foods tarsiers consume), and most familiar environment to help decrease stress. Convergent in birds. The primate belongs to the more primitive sub-order Prosimii or prosimian that dates back 45 million years. Yes, argues a paper published in the Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases last year. The researchers noted that tarsiers share their . Other groups may also join in when they hear this call, which means that you may have multiple males attacking a single predator with their venomous bites before they separate again. Although they have large eyes and long fingers that make them look somewhat sinister, they are actually quite harmless. Philippine tarsiers ( Tarsius syrichta ), primates native to Southeast Asia that are often no bigger than a human hand, pass messages using an unbreakable code: ultrasonic sounds. Juveniles grow to half the size of an adult tarsier in about 3 months, but are still smaller than adults until about 2 years of age (MacKinnon, 1980). Tarsier animal is full-bodied predators, prey on insects, ticks, and snakes. 2018. February 12, 2018 While their claws are not strong enough to penetrate human skin, they can certainly leave a mark. (Driller, et al., 2015; Zijlstra, et al., 2013), Tarsiers strictly inhabit forests of Southeast Asia. She joined WashU Medicine Marketing & Communications in 2016. There are several species on Celebes and its offshore islands, but most have not yet been described scientifically. Some tarsier species enact mating rituals of "duetting", or mating calls that entail one party chattering out and another responding with a similar chatter. primate. Neri-Arboleda, I., P. Stott, N. Arboleda. Adults live in monogamous pairs and keep in contact vocally during the night, defending territory against other pairs using extremely high-pitched calls. #cockroach #shorts #youtubeshorts John Still was living in Sri Lanka in 1905 when he hearda strange sound from his room: With the breathing sound came the occasional quick hiss of a strike. Pregnancy is around 6 months and tarsiers give birth to single offspring. Gift from longtime WashU benefactors to advance promising drug targets into early clinical trials . having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. The tarsier is named for its unique tarsal bones. Determinants of gregariousness in the spectral tarsier(Prosimian: Tarsius spectrum). Annual Review of Anthropology, 29: 147-194. No, tarsiers do not make good pets. Groves, C., M. Shekelle. They sleep on branches near to the ground in dark, dense vegetation. Tarsiers have large eyes that are adapted for night vision, and they use their long tails to help them balance as they climb through the trees. 2016. They are nocturnal animals, meaning that they are active at night and sleep during the day. By sequencing the complete genome of a tarsier, Warren, Jrgen Schmitz of the University of Mnster in Germany, and colleagues definitively placed tarsiers in the dry-nosed category. If you are ever unfortunate enough to be on the receiving end of a tarsier attack, be sure to wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water to avoid infection. 1943. Villagers of western Indonesia and Malaysia . Bohol Tarsiers (Tarsius Syrichta) measures 4 to 5 inches and is considered as the world's smallest primate. TARSIIDAE. Based on phylogenetic research, including molecular data, tarsiers are more closely related to humans and apes then lemurs and lorises. 2014. Males often leave to live alone or join other groups between 1 to 2 years of age (MacKinnon, 1980). Once the infant is about a month old it begins hunting on its own, but remains in the group and within visible range. 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110-1010. The tarsier is a nocturnal carnivore found in the forests of southeast Asia. It will help us determine how endangered they really are so we can implement measures to better protect them.. Later in the piece, a guide warns tarsier-loving tourists that if you touch, they die. -Tarsiers are very sensitive to sound, and in the wild their habitat is often quite loud. Another one of the most shocking facts about the tarsier? Genome sequence of the basal haplorrhine primate Tarsius syrichta reveals unusual insertions. Nature Communications. single family homes for sale milwaukee, wi; 5 facts about tulsa, oklahoma in the 1960s; minuet mountain laurel for sale; kevin costner daughter singer Frontiers in Physiology, 8/745: 1-13. Disclaimer: Haplorrhines are split into three groups: 1) the catarrhines, old world monkeys, apes, and humans; 2) the platyrrhines, new world (South American) monkeys, and 3) tarsiers. The Tarsiers pass through the forest, launching from trunk to trunk with the help of their enormous lengthy hands. 3. The researchers analyzed DNA sequences known as transposons, or jumping genes, which can jump from one part of the genome to another, often duplicating themselves in the process. There are . Do tarsiers bite? The 3-7 surviving tarsier species have heavy dependence on vision and hearing but reduced ability to smell.Unlike lemur s and loris es, tarsiers lack a long snout and a rhinarium. Single young are born in a fairly well-developed state, furred and with eyes open, after a gestation of perhaps six months. an animal which directly causes disease in humans. 42 Very Interesting Coolest Facts About Winter Season, Effects, Consequences of Global Warming: How To Overcome It, 33 Less Discussed Interesting Facts about Greenhouse Effect, 13 Unique Ideas on How Can I Recycle Things At Home, Baboon Syndrome Symptoms | Cause | Recovery. 2017. Referring to an animal that lives in trees; tree-climbing. Primates of The Oriental Night, 1: 85-90. As I have said, it was dusk at the time, but the Loris is nocturnal, so that his expedient would rarely be required except in the dusk or dark ; and the sound was a perfect imitation. The genus Tarsius is the only genus in the family Tarsiidae. However, if kept as pets, the species can spread insects and other parasites among its human owners. Some scholarly articles suggest dividing the genus into 3 and some references reflect this attempted revised taxonomy. Tarsiers are the only completely carnivorous primates and have been seen to eat insects, lizards, snakes and birds - leaping through the trees to catch their prey. Genome sequence of the basal haplorrhine primate Tarsius syrichta reveals unusual insertions. (Canete, 2003), Habitat loss and deforestation contributes to a decline in tarsier populations (Merker and Yustian, 2008). The negative impact of Philippine erosion is not known to humans unless it is in its native environment. Canete, A. Zeitschrift Fr Morphologie Und Anthropologie, 82: 115-157. When in the presence of a terrestrial predator, such as a snake, individuals mob the threat. Being touched, being kept in a cage or enclosures, bright flashes, large noises this is just a small list of the things that can cause distress for the tarsier. Faulkner, S., M. Stevenson, R. Verity, A. Mustari, S. Semple, D. Tosh, S. Le Comber. Vegetation includes shrubs, bamboo, palm, dense thickets of grass, bush, thorn scrubs, and secondary habitats on plantations for logging and growing coffee, nutmeg, coconut, or coca crops (Gron, 2010) (MacKinnon, 1980). The tarsier (pronounced TAR-see-er) are small primates found only in the islands of Southeast Asia. Functional preservation and variation in the cone opsin genes of nocturnal tarsiers, 372: 1-10. at https://link-springer-com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu/article/10.1007/s10764-010-9457-8. The Philippine tarsier (T. syrichta) has a totally bald tail, and the feet are also nearly hairless. Tarsiers shared more recent transposon families with squirrel monkeys and humans, and only the oldest ones with bushbabies, indicating that tarsiers belong with the dry-nosed primates. Signs of advanced aging may include graying of hair around the face and dental wear (Shekelle and Nietch, 2008). Required fields are marked *. Slow lorises have snake-like markings, postures and a hiss that all resemble the speckled cobra. Recent studies suggest predation by domestic animals as habitats grow smaller, and people who capture and sell (Shekelle and Nietch, 2008) or who erroneously consider them pests in farmland (Canete, 2003). Molecular data and physiological differences noted by Groves and Shekelle suggest this may be true. Gursky, S. 1998. Which raises the question:Did the loris evolve to mimic poisonous snakes? The prosimians included strepsirrhines and tarsiers, while the higher primates (monkeys, apes, humans) were placed in a separate order, the Anthropoidea (Fig. Merker, S., I. Yustian. at www.jstor.org/stable/1374784. Tarsiers are intermediate in form between lemurs and monkeys, measuring only about 9-16 cm (3.5-6 inches) long, excluding a tail of about twice that length. Tarsius pelengensis and T. sangirensis are considered endangered. These large eyes are also the cause of their unique and weird skull structure. What they dont know is that tarsiers are actually quite dangerous to humans. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Focused and wide-ranging conservation efforts are required to preserve all species of tarsier. Gron, K. 2010. 1. ITIS Report. Their fingers are tipped with sticky pads and nails that help them grip when climbing and leaping, alongside their slender tail for balance. Social media posts say that chitin, a compound contained in insect exoskeletons, cannot be processed by the human body and that bugs are not a food for mammals. at www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/673313. Other species practice monogamous pair mating, where only parents will interact with their offspring. Are tarsiers dangerous to humans Tarsiers 'distant cousins' of humans. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. The only time they may become aggressive is if they feel threatened or if their territory is invaded. "The tarsier genome is a modern archive of evolutionary changes that led to humans." Having the complete tarsier genome also allowed the researchers to comprehensively study the genes that make tarsiers unique. An animal that eats mainly insects or spiders. They have enourmous eyes and incredible hearing to enable them to catch insects at night. Tarsier and Human Interaction. With eyes twice as big as their brains, a head that can rotate 180 degrees in each direction and the ability to track prey using ultrasound, the tiny animals are formidable nocturnal hunters. Tarsiers can move their heads 180 degrees in either direction. 11th floor, Nihonodori , Naka-ku , Yokohama 231-0021 help@codetots.com Males travel longer distances and occupy a larger area, while females hunt more efficiently and consume more insects (Neri-Arboleda et al, 2002). They are host to many different endo- and ectoparasites, including mites and intestinal worms (Shekelle and Nietch, 2008). However, if kept as pets, the species can spread insects and other parasites among its human owners. However, like monkeys, apes, and humans, they have a nose that is dry and hair-covered, not moist and bald as is that of lemurs. at https://link-springer-com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu/article/10.1007/s10329-007-0072-z. These huge eyes allow for nocturnal vision, despite the lack of a tapidum lucidum. But observations suggest that lorises can take down these animals and eat them fairly quicklyno paralysis needed. Conservation Genetics of the Philippine Tarsier: Cryptic Genetic Variation Restructures Conservation Priorities for an Island Archipelago Primate. Groves, C. 2018. Tarsiers are the only entirely carnivorous primates, preying on insects, lizards, and snakes. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Tarsiers are shorter-lived than many other primates. They are small animals with big eyes and long tails. They jump, climb and live like lemurs. at www.jstor.org/stable/1373878. Nature Communication, 7: 1-11. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology: Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches, 87: 30-45. Tarsiers are cute little critters with their big, doey eyes and tiny bodies that can fit in the palm of your hand . Tarsius syrichta is considered near threatened. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 264/1388: 1687-1694. Their diet is mostly insectivorous, but some species will prey on small birds and rodents, crabs, frogs, bats, or snakes (MacKinnon, 1980). Menke, P., W. Henke. Sabrina Archuleta (author), Colorado State University, Tanya Dewey (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. Molecular Phylogenetics and Chronometrics of Tarsiidae Based on 12S mtDNA Haplotypes: Evidence for Miocene Origins of Crown Tarsiers and Numerous Species within the Sulawesian Clade. the business of buying and selling animals for people to keep in their homes as pets. communicates by producing scents from special gland(s) and placing them on a surface whether others can smell or taste them, breeding is confined to a particular season, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. Tarsiers are interesting animals because they can rotate their heads 180 degrees. primate. Privacy Statement They then scanned the scientific literature to identify human diseases associated with those genes and found 47 diseases. At least one taxonomy, however, recognizes only seven species and places all of these within Tarsius. Females often remain in their parental group throughout their life, unless forming monogamous pairs. As I went into the room I looked at the cage, which was on the floor, and on the top of it I saw the outline of a cobra sitting up with hood expanded, and threatening a cat who crouched about six feet away. January 05, 2018 Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Tarsiers are nocturnal animals. She has received two Robert G. Fenley writing awards from the American Association of Medical Colleges. February 12, 2018 The lack of eye shine makes tarsiers one of the most difficult nocturnal animals in Borneo to locate. The Genera and Species of Tarsiidae. The tarsier genome is a modern archive of evolutionary changes that led to humans.. the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females. Physiological Zoology, 60: 596-600. There are many animals in the world that are dangerous to humans, but there are also some that are not dangerous at all. at https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx312. at https://link-springer-com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu/article/10.1007/s10764-010-9443-1. Some tarsiers have distinct vocalizations to mob, or ward off, a predator (Gursky-Doyen 2010). The Tarsiers live in the southern Philippines, Celebres (Sulawesi), Borneo, Banka, Belitung, Natuna Islands, and Sumatra. The Tarsier feeds primarily on insects, utilizing its long tongue and highly sensitive hearing to locate and capture prey.Additionally, Tarsiers are able to use their big eyes for navigation - for instance, Tarsiers can move their heads about 180 degrees in either direction without . Because of the interest toward dividing the genus into 3, some species are referred to as the attempted revised taxonomic names including the genera Carlito and Cephalopachus . Into the Light: The Origin of Anthropoidea. Tarsiers can rotate their heads 180 degrees. Although they have large eyes and long fingers that make them look somewhat sinister, they are actually quite harmless. Classification, To cite this page: I may mention that I have kept snakes, including a cobra, and am therefore the less likely to be easily deceived by a bad imitation. Theyve had to adapt to such a heavy weight, and so their cranium is designed in such a way to keep them balanced. (Shekelle and Nietch, 2008), Tarsiers are nocturnal mammals that awake around sunset and spend the nights foraging for insects, eating, traveling between trees, resting, and socializing. having the capacity to move from one place to another. There are several species on Celebrus and its offshore islands but most have not yet been scientifically described. Additionally, mining and land clearance have forced the tarsier from its . Omissions? By comparing gene sequences from tarsiers with those from other primates, the researchers identified 192 genes that are changing faster or slower than what is happening in other primates. McNab, B., P. Wright. Tarsier taxonomy is a matter of some debate; however, most biologists divide Tarsiidae into three genera (Tarsius, Cephalopachus, and Carlito [Philippine tarsiers]) and recognize 13 or more species. seaway news police blotter; cold war zombies tips for beginners; aetna vice president salary. morgan wallace dangerous lyrics . This was the Loris, who, with his arms and shoulders hunched up, was a sufficiently good imitation of a cobra to take me in, as he swayed on his long legs, and every now and then let out a perfect cobra's hiss. Tamara worked in research labs for about a decade before switching to science writing. 2018. The tail is roughly twice the head and body length (Shekelle 2003). The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 301: 202-215. Functional Morphology of Mimetic Musculature in Primates: How Social Variables and Body Size Stack up to Phylogeny. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Do tarsiers bite? at www.jstor.org/stable/50779. The tarsiers eyes are bigger than their brain, and their stomach. These arboreal primates are found in forests that range in density and agriculture from island to island. Several species of tarsiers are sexually dimorphic, with males larger in body size . The negative impact of Philippine erosion is not known to humans unless it is in its native environment. Other tarsier fun facts are that they are named after their anklebones. Moritz, G., P. Ong, G. Perry, N. Dominy. Tarsiers are recognized by their large, beady, reddish-orange eyes and tiny stature. Tarsier Relationship with Humans. They are known to leap up to 2m in distance and 1.5m in height. Tarsius tumpara is considered critically endangered. Are tarsiers dangerous? This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Human Genome Research Institute, grant number 5U54HG00307907; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant number SCHM1469/3-2; and the Mnster Graduate School of Evolution. Evolution of acidic mammalian chitinase genes (CHIA) is related to body mass and insectivory in primates. dolor de espalda alta pulmones covid; times higher education world university rankings; why did cam henry become the executioner; Findings refine understanding of primate evolution. They are also not known to . The tarsier is able to secrete a particular toxin from a gland found in their arm. January 05, 2018 Tarsiers vary in size, ranging from 80-150 grams (Welman et al, 2017) and 10-15 centimeters long (Merker and Yustian, 2008). Tarsiers are primates, just like humans. Tarsiers Are Named After Their Anklebones. The Oestrus Cycle in Tarsius: Observations on a Captive Pair. High-pitched whistles are varied from simple calls to predator warnings. They are also our distant cousins, according to scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, who recently sequenced and analyzed the tarsier genome. Journal of Mammalogy, 24: 90-93. (Groves, 2018; Merker and Yustian, 2008; Zijlstra, et al., 2013), Tarsiers inhabit tropical forests and islands of Southeast Asia. The negative impact of Philippine erosion is not known to humans unless it is in its native environment. There may be some cryptic species of Tarsius yet to be discovered (Groves and Shekelle, 2010). are tarsiers dangerous to humans7ds grand cross banner schedule7ds grand cross banner schedule Conclusion. Most of the decline is due to loss of habitat, but the pet trade also is contributing. With their velvety fur, small size, and very large eyes they are at the very top of the cute list. For example, diseases caused by infection of filarial nematodes (elephantiasis and river blindness). PLoS One, 10/11: 1-20. Tarsiers are both monogamous and polygynous. Analysis of the tarsier genome also showed that these fascinating animals are displaying signs of population decline. Loris, Tarsier animals, monkeys, apes, and humans. HOW DOES SPECIES ENDANGERMENT BEGIN? The sound came from my room, where, although it was dusk, there was plenty of light to kill a snake. Baby tarsiers are born with fur and are able to climb within a day of birth! Because of the shy nature of tarsiers, there is often limited information about their distribution and the effects of human interactions. In groups other group members might make brief visits to check up on the infant while the mother is away. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate, helpers provide assistance in raising young that are not their own. are tarsiers dangerous to humans. January 05, 2018 Accessed March 04, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tarsius/. Fossil records show that extinct species of the Tarsiidae family used to be more widespread. (MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1980; Shekelle and Nietch, 2008; Van Schaik and Kappeler, 1997), Tarsiers have 2 mating seasons, in 6 month intervals. Disclosure petanimalsquery.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Having larger eyes allows them to capture more light. May 04, 2018 -Tarsiers are also one of the only primates that are nocturnal, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day. But if we study the similarities, it may help us better understand human language. https://www.britannica.com/animal/tarsier, Endangered Species International - Tarsier, tarsier - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), tarsier - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. We treat our patients and train new leaders in medicine at Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, both ranked among the nations best hospitals and recognized for excellence in care. (v.) To attack and eat another species. Burrows, A. However, even in these situations, they will usually only resort to biting as a last resort. Accessed Some potential causes could include: 2017. at www.jstor.org/stable/30156133. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In captivity, however, they may be kept in a quiet environment which can lead to sensory overload and distress. Primates, 2: 161-164. Search in feature There is strong debate regarding Tarsius phylogeny. They are so very sensitive. The hind legs of a tarsier are twice as long as their body, and muscular making them particularly specialized for leaping. The westernmost tarsier: A new genus and species from the Miocene of Pakistan. Snakes arent the only animals that tarsiers are stealing some traits from. January 05, 2018 Significance to humans. They exhibit mating calls referred to as "duets" to find and monitor mate ranges. MacKinnon, J., K. MacKinnon. Tarsiers possess a unique spinal column that permits the ability to turn their heads almost 360 degrees. January 05, 2018 Females give birth to one offspring at a time (MacKinnon, 1980). 2023 Smithsonian Magazine About a quarter were related to vision and another quarter to musculoskeletal problems. 2014. Humans and chimpanzees, apes, tarsiers, vervets and more all share a common ancestor, and we're clustered closely together on the tree of life. Specimen are dated from the middle Eocene of China, middle Miocene of Thailand, Oligocene of Egypt, Miocene of Lybia, and Eocene of Myanmar (Zijlstra, 2013). Thats right, even larger primates like most monkeys and gorillas still eat fruits or vegetation. She holds a double bachelor's degree in molecular biophysics & biochemistry and in sociology from Yale University, a master's in public health from the University of California, Berkeley, and a PhD in biomedical science from the University of California, San Diego. Ross, C. 2000. However, when kept as pets, the species may spread worms and other parasites to its human owners. Its possible that some tarsier species will go extinct if we dont change these trajectories.. If an amino acid has been uniquely changed and it is putatively associated with the tarsiers novel musculature, maybe its an important part of the protein and worthy of a closer look when linked to human disease.. prey (n.) Animal species eaten by others. There are a variety of reasons why tarsiers may be suicidal, as there is no one definitive answer. However, the tarsier is unique in that its the only venomous (and poisonous!) Shekelle, M., A. Salim, I. Arboleda. On the island of Celebes (Sulawesi) these calls are duetsdifferent but complementary calls made by the male and female. This taxonomic discrepancy is strongly supported by data collection of physiological attributes such as coat colors, tail lengths, and size, as well as molecular data (Groves and Shekelle, 2010). It succeeds in both old-growth and secondary forestry but can be found in low-scrubbed plants, even in the village. Socialization includes grooming each other, scent marking, vocalizing (including duetting), and playing (Gursky, 1998). Some fossils have been found in Africa, Europe, and even North America. mexican candy delivery; captain spaulding 18 inch figure Or, like the male platypuss spur, it could have evolved to be used as a weapon during fights with other lorises. Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. primate The order of mammals that includes humans, apes, monkeys and related animals (such as tarsiers, the Daubentonia and other lemurs). Wiesemuller, B., R. Hartmut. Fossils of Eocene and Miocene tarsiers are found in China, Thailand, and southern Pakistan (Zijlstra, 2013). Barley, M. Duya, M. Shekelle, I. Neri-Arboleda, J. Esselstyn, N. Dominy, P. Ong, G. Moritz, A. Luczon, M. Diesmos, A. Diesmos, C. Siller. Since the first scientific description of tarsiers was published around 1777, scientists have debated where tarsiers belong on the primate evolutionary tree. The island archipelagos of Southeast Asia include Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, the southern Philippines, and smaller neighboring islands. Home ranges, spatial movements and habitat associations ofthe Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) in Corella, Bohol. Tamara covers pathology & immunology, medical microbiology, infectious diseases, cell biology, neurology, neuroscience, neurosurgery and radiology. 2014. Posted by February 14, 2022 avatar characters fire nation on are tarsiers dangerous to humans February 14, 2022 avatar characters fire nation on are tarsiers dangerous to humans Tarsier animal is a lemur, which is nocturnal and has an enhanced sense of smell. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. If we can sequence the genome of other tarsiers, we can measure the population diversity. rainforests, both temperate and tropical, are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Childrens hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare. Tarsiers are lemurlike in being nocturnal and having a well-developed sense of smell.



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