reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. /F1 6 0 R The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. 3. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Moreover, /Parent 2 0 R Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade /Length 14727 Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Your email address will not be published. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. (Tanzi, 1996). The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. /Filter /DCTDecode >> This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. June 1,2022 Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. We appreciate you. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Nigeria. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. >> PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. << 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. 74 . Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. You are welcome dear reader. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Federalism in India. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. 3. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. /F2 9 0 R Required fields are marked *. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Required fields are marked *. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Excellent, thanks a lot f In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. 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The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. /BitsPerComponent 8 I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. /Resources << Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). /Type /XObject This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. /F5 18 0 R International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era.



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